This report is designed to support strategic decision-making. For a concise overview of the study’s purpose and scope, please refer to Objectives and Scope of the Report. For insight into the methodological approach, including stakeholder interviews and supporting analysis, see Methods and Material. These sections provide essential context for interpreting the findings and recommendations that follow.
Background
Quantum technologies (computing, communication and sensing) are advancing fast and moving from lab to deployment. The study explores where Nordic research strengths, infrastructure and policy instruments can deliver near term collaboration wins and build credible, longer term capability. I concentrate on actions that enable shared access to facilities, align funding mechanisms, strengthen talent mobility, and turn use case pilots into scalable results across the region.
At a glance
What we mean by “quantum technologies”: computing (algorithms + hardware), communication (quantum key distribution/quantum‑secure links), and sensing (precision measurement).
Why it matters now: near‑term impact in security, health, energy, and advanced manufacturing; growing EU momentum and funding instruments.
What the Nordics already have: strong research groups, national facilities, and active cross‑border networks.
What’s missing: friction in cross‑border access/funding; fragmented governance; talent mobility constraints.
This report does: prioritises joint actions where coordination changes outcomes (infrastructure access, funding mechanisms, talent, pilots).
Importance of Nordic Co-operation in Quantum Technology Research
Nordic cooperation in quantum technology is crucial for several reasons (1), (2):
Pooling Expertise and Resources: The Nordic countries each have strong research institutions and technological capabilities. By collaborating, they can pool their expertise and resources to tackle complex quantum challenges more effectively.
Global Competitiveness: The combined efforts of Nordic countries can position them as a leading global player in quantum technology. This cooperation enhances their visibility and attractiveness as partners for international academic and business collaborations.
Innovation and Standardization: Joint efforts in research and development can lead to innovative breakthroughs and the establishment of common standards in quantum technologies. This is essential for creating interoperable systems and fostering a robust quantum ecosystem.
Strategic Autonomy: By working together, Nordic countries can ensure their strategic autonomy in quantum technology, reducing dependence on non-European entities. This is vital for maintaining control over critical technologies and safeguarding national interests.
Economic Growth: Quantum technology has the potential to revolutionize various industries, from healthcare to cybersecurity. Nordic cooperation can accelerate the commercialization of quantum innovations, drive economic growth and create new business opportunities.
Educational and Research Excellence: Collaborative initiatives can enhance educational programs and research opportunities, thereby attracting top talent and fostering a new generation of quantum scientists and engineers.
Objectives and Scope of the Report
The study on Nordic collaboration opportunities within quantum technology was initiated by NordForsk based on discussions with national research funding organisations. The mandate was approved through the Director´s Decision No 289 on December 13, 2024.
The study aims to evaluate the potential for enhanced research and innovation cooperation on quantum technology among Nordic countries. This includes mapping current initiatives, analysing the funding landscape, and examining the roles of key institutions to find opportunities for improved coordination and address gaps. The study intends to help position the Nordic region in the global quantum technology landscape.
A status report was presented to NORDHORCS and the NordForsk board in Stockholm on March 18, 2025. The following day, the NordForsk board decided to request a draft proposal for a decade-long strategy for Nordic collaboration in quantum technology research and innovation. This strategy will involve national research and innovation funders, Nordic Innovation, and the Nordic Council of Ministers Secretariat.
Like NordForsk, Nordic Innovation operates under the auspices of the Nordic Council of Ministers. While NordForsk focuses on advancing research collaboration within the Nordic countries, Nordic Innovation's objective is to foster sustainable growth and boost competitiveness in the region. Nordic Innovation has been promoting quantum technology through various initiatives and collaborations. A noteworthy example is the report Nordic-Baltic Quantum Ecosystem from a project carried out by VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland as part of Nordic Innovation’s program “Nordic Forward: Resilience and competitiveness for 2050”. That report, which provides a detailed overview of the Nordic-Baltic quantum business ecosystem, complements and informs my study.
Through 2024-25, NordForsk and Nordic Innovation have increasingly interacted on quantum technology, beginning with information sharing and progressing to regular coordination meetings. This collaboration has resulted in several changes and adaptations to my study, aimed at promoting efficiency and ensuring unique contributions. The resulting focus is now on adopting a more integrated view of the research and innovation ecosystem, aiming to foster greater collaboration and synergy between funding organizations and within the community of research and innovation performers. This approach seeks to enhance coordination, maximize resource utilization, and ensure that all stakeholders contribute uniquely and effectively to the advancement of quantum technology.
This report’s findings and recommendations have been validated in focus groups with both national infrastructure providers and leading Nordic quantum researchers. Their feedback has ensured that the analysis is not only comprehensive and up-to-date, but also reflects the practical realities, priorities, and challenges faced by the Nordic quantum community.